C Program to Swap Two Numbers.

Swapping is a way of exchanging the values of two different variables. In C programming, we have multiple approaches to swap two numbers efficiently. In this article, we will learn each approach one by one.

Approach 1: Swap two numbers using a Temporary variable.

In this approach, we take the help of a third temp variable for swapping values.

Step-by-step algorithm:

Step 1: Input the two numbers from the user.

Step 2: Create a temporary variable to hold the value of one of the numbers.

Step 3: Assign the value of the first number to the temporary variable.

Step 4: Assign the value of the second number to the first number.

Step 5: Assign the value of the temporary variable to the second number.

Step 6: Print the swapped values of the two numbers.

Below is the C program to swap two numbers using the third temporary variable.

//C Program to swap two numbers usingn third variable
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num1, num2, temp;

    // Input the two numbers
    printf("Enter two numbers: ");
    scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

    // Create a temporary variable and swap the numbers
    temp = num1;
    num1 = num2;
    num2 = temp;

    // Print the swapped values
    printf("Swapped values: %d %d\n", num1, num2);

    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter two numbers: 20 10
Swapped values: 10 20

Time Complexity: As it is performing fix number of operations regardless of input so time complexity is O(1).

Space Complexity: As no extra space is required except for one variable so space complexity is O(1)

Approach 2: Swap two numbers using Arithmetic Operations.

In this approach, we do not require any third temp variable for swapping, instead, we perform some arithmetic operations to do so.

Step-by-step algorithm:

Step 1: Input the two numbers from the user.

Step 2: Perform the following arithmetic operations:

Add the first number to the second number and store the result in the first number.
Subtract the second number from the first number and store the result in the second number.
Subtract the second number (new value) from the first number (new value) and store the result in the first number.

Step 3: Print the swapped values of the two numbers.

Below is the C program to swap two numbers without using a third variable.

//C program to swap two number without third variable
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num1, num2;

    // Input the two numbers
    printf("Enter two numbers: ");
    scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

    // Perform arithmetic operations to swap the numbers
    num1 = num1 + num2;
    num2 = num1 - num2;
    num1 = num1 - num2;

    // Print the swapped values
    printf("Swapped values: %d %d\n", num1, num2);

    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter two numbers: 20 10
Swapped values: 10 20

Time Complexity: O(1)

Space Complexity: O(1)

Approach 3: Swap two numbers using Bitwise XOR Operation.

In this approach, we use the bitwise XOR (^) operation to swap two numbers without the need for a temporary variable. The XOR operation between two bits is 1 if the bits are different and 0 if they are the same. By applying XOR between the binary representations of two numbers, we can effectively swap their values.

Step-by-step algorithm:

Step 1: Input the two numbers from the user.

Step 2: Perform the bitwise XOR operation between the two numbers and store the result in the first number.

Step 3: Perform the bitwise XOR operation between the first number (new value) and the second number and store the result in the second number.

Step 4: Perform the bitwise XOR operation between the first number (new value) and the second number (new value) and store the result in the first number.

Step 5: Print the swapped values of the two numbers.

Below is the C program to swap two numbers using a bitwise operation.

//C program to swap to number using XOR operation
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int num1, num2;

    // Input the two numbers
    printf("Enter two numbers: ");
    scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);

    // Perform bitwise XOR operations to swap the numbers
    num1 = num1 ^ num2;
    num2 = num1 ^ num2;
    num1 = num1 ^ num2;

    // Print the swapped values
    printf("Swapped values: %d %d\n", num1, num2);

    return 0;
}

Output:

Enter two numbers: 8 10
Swapped values: 10 8

Time Complexity: O(1)

Space Complexity: O(1)

C Program to Swap Two Numbers.

Approach 1: Swap two numbers using a Temporary variable.

Approach 2: Swap two numbers using Arithmetic Operations.

Approach 3: Swap two numbers using Bitwise XOR Operation.

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