A computer program is basically an application or software that we use on our device and it contains a set of instructions given to our computer to perform tasks by following our instructions. The process of writing instructions for the application using any programming language is known as Programming which is done by a Software Engineer or Programmer.
The physical computer is made by combing several hardware components and when the programmer loads the program into the memory and computer starts executing the program sequentially and the application starts performing tasks based upon the instruction given in the program this process is known as the execution of the program.
What is Machine Language?
Don't get surprised if I tell you now that a computer cannot understand C++ Programming language or any other programming language. Now the first question that will come to your mind is that then what is the use of learning a programming language.
Any computer can understand only Machine language that is formed by using only binary digit that is 0 and 1. Back in time when the computer was newly invented then programmers needed to write all computer instructions using this machine code and each instruction was composed of 0s and 1s.
It was a very difficult and time-consuming task to create a program for the computer using machine code and a program written for one computer was not capable of running on another computer because the CPU had different instruction sets.
What is Assembly Language?
Reading, writing, and understanding Machine code was very hard for a normal human being so programmers come up with a better alternative known as Assembly Languages that are readable by humans. In Assembly Language, the instructions are written using simple text and short abbreviations that make it easier to read and write than in Machine language.
However, the computer still cannot understand Assembly Languages so to make the computer understand our instructions we need something that can translate our Assembly code into Machine code and that is done by Assembler.
Assembly Language is a low-level language in which even for doing a simple task we need to write a lot of instructions and a program written for one CPU is not compatible to run on any other CPU having a different instruction set.
What are High-Level Languages?
Programming Languages such as C, C++, Java, and JavaScript are known as High-Level Languages. The program written using these languages are easier to understand and they are portable in nature which means that programmers don't have to worry about the system on which the program is going to run.
However, we need to translate the high-level language into a language the computer can understand and this is done by using a compiler and interpreter.
A compiler is a program that read and translate source code into machine code. It produce a stand-alone code executable code that can run. (alert-success)
An interpreter is used to directly execute the program without compiling the source code. Interpreter are flexible but less efficient because it is needed every time you run the program. (alert-success)
Programming Languages like C and C++ need compilers to run their code whereas scripting languages like JavaScript need interpreters to run their code and high-level language like Java need both. Programs are compiled to run on a different system you don't need to change your code written in any programming language to run on a different system
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